:root {
  --blog-bg: #f7f7f4;
  --blog-ink: #202622;
  --blog-copy: #424940;
  --blog-muted: #697169;
  --blog-line: #d9dcd5;
  --blog-accent: #8c2f3d;
  --blog-header-bg: #fff;
  --x-bg-elevated: #fff;
  --x-font: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif;
  --x-font-display: 'Newsreader', 'Amiri', Georgia, serif;
  --x-font-mono: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif;
  --x-font-ar: 'Amiri', serif;
  --x-font-ar-read: 'Amiri', serif;
  --font-read: 'Libre Caslon Text', 'Newsreader', 'Amiri', Georgia, serif;
  --blog-read: #2b2a27;
  --kicker: 600 11px/1.4 var(--x-font);
  --kicker-track: .14em;
}

html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }

html[data-theme="dark"] {
  --blog-bg: #171d1a;
  --blog-ink: #f5f6f1;
  --blog-copy: #c3cbc1;
  --blog-muted: #a0aa9f;
  --blog-line: #465047;
  --blog-accent: #e8a09c;
  --blog-header-bg: #171d1a;
  --x-bg-elevated: #202823;
  --blog-read: #dcdfd8;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }
body.x-site { background: var(--blog-bg); color: var(--blog-ink); margin: 0; font: 16px/1.5 var(--x-font); }
img { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
button { cursor: pointer; }
body.x-site a { color: inherit; }
body.x-site a { text-decoration: none; }
body.x-site button, body.x-site input, body.x-site select, body.x-site textarea { font: inherit; }
button, input, textarea, select, a { outline-offset: 3px; }
.sr-only { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0; }
.shell { width: min(100% - 48px, 1260px); margin-inline: auto; }

.blog-header { background: var(--blog-header-bg); }
.blog-masthead { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr; align-items: center; min-height: 118px; gap: 24px; }
.masthead-status { grid-column: 1; justify-self: start; color: var(--blog-muted); font: var(--kicker); font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: var(--kicker-track); text-transform: uppercase; }
.blog-wordmark { grid-column: 2; display: block; width: 400px; height: 60px; background: url('assets/open-hadith-review-logo-transparent.png') center / 120% auto no-repeat; }
html[data-theme="dark"] .blog-wordmark { filter: invert(1); }
.return-product { grid-column: 3; justify-self: end; color: var(--blog-muted) !important; font-size: 13px; }
html[dir="rtl"] .masthead-status { letter-spacing: 0; font-size: 12px; }
.return-product:hover { color: var(--blog-accent) !important; }
.blog-nav { border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-line); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blog-line); }
.blog-nav-inner { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr; align-items: center; gap: 24px; min-height: 54px; }
.blog-nav-tools { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px; justify-self: start; margin-inline-start: -6px; }
.blog-nav-links { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: clamp(22px, 3vw, 44px); }
.blog-nav-actions { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; justify-self: end; }
.blog-nav-links a { color: var(--blog-copy) !important; font-size: 11.5px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; }
html[dir="rtl"] .blog-nav-links a { font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 0; }
.blog-nav-links a:hover, .blog-nav-links a[aria-current] { color: var(--blog-accent) !important; }
.blog-lang select { appearance: none; border: 0; background: transparent; color: var(--blog-copy); cursor: pointer; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 700; padding: 8px 6px; }
.blog-lang option { color: #111; }
html[dir="rtl"] .blog-lang select { padding-inline: 6px 14px; }
.icon-button { display: inline-grid; place-items: center; width: 34px; height: 34px; border: 0; background: transparent; color: var(--blog-ink); }
.blog-nav-cta { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; min-height: 34px; padding: 5px 15px; border: 1px solid var(--blog-ink); color: var(--blog-ink); font-size: 11px; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; }
html[dir="rtl"] .blog-nav-cta { font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 0; }
.blog-nav-cta:hover { background: var(--blog-ink); color: var(--blog-bg) !important; }
.mobile-menu-button { display: none; }
.blog-mobile-lang { display: none; }
.blog-mobile-nav[hidden] { display: none; }
.blog-mobile-nav { display: none; }

.eyebrow { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 9px; color: var(--blog-muted); font: 400 11px/1.4 var(--x-font-mono); text-transform: uppercase; }
.status-dot { display: inline-block; width: 6px; height: 6px; flex: 0 0 6px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--blog-accent); box-shadow: 0 0 13px rgba(85, 214, 165, .4); }

.blog-content { padding-top: 44px; }
.lead-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.15fr) minmax(0, 1.45fr) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: clamp(28px, 3.6vw, 52px); align-items: start; padding: 0 0 12px; }
.lead-story, .most-recent { padding-top: 16px; border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-ink); }
.lead-label, .most-recent h2.lead-label { display: block; margin: 0; color: var(--blog-ink); font: var(--kicker); letter-spacing: var(--kicker-track); text-transform: uppercase; }
html[dir="rtl"] .lead-label { font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0; }
.lead-art { margin: 0; }
.lead-art img { width: 100%; height: auto; }
.lead-art figcaption { margin-top: 12px; color: var(--blog-muted); font: italic 400 13.5px/1.5 var(--x-font-display); text-align: center; }
.lead-story-text { padding-top: 30px; }
body.x-site a.lead-title { display: block; width: fit-content; }
.lead-title h1 { margin: 14px 0 20px; color: var(--blog-ink); font: 400 clamp(32px, 3.1vw, 46px)/1.06 var(--x-font-display); letter-spacing: -.012em; text-wrap: balance; }
.lead-title:hover h1, .recent-title:hover h3 { color: var(--blog-accent); }
.lead-story-text > p.lead-dek { margin: 0 0 20px; color: var(--blog-copy); font: 400 18px/1.55 var(--x-font-display); }
.lead-byline { display: block; color: var(--blog-muted); font: 400 12px/1.5 var(--x-font); }
body.x-site a.lead-read { margin-top: 26px; }
.recent-story { padding: 22px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blog-line); }
.recent-story:last-of-type { margin-bottom: 26px; }
.recent-copy { padding-top: 0; }
.recent-topic { color: var(--blog-accent); font: 600 10.5px/1.5 var(--x-font); letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; }
html[dir="rtl"] .recent-topic { font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 0; }
.recent-title h3 { margin: 6px 0 8px; color: var(--blog-ink); font: 400 22px/1.2 var(--x-font-display); text-wrap: balance; }
body.x-site a.recent-more { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 9px; color: var(--blog-ink); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blog-ink); padding-bottom: 3px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 500; }
body.x-site a.recent-more:hover { color: var(--blog-accent); border-color: var(--blog-accent); }
html[dir="rtl"] a.recent-more i { transform: scaleX(-1); }

body.x-site a.action-button, .action-button { display: inline-flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; gap: 13px; min-height: 46px; padding: 11px 20px; border: 1px solid var(--blog-ink); background: var(--blog-ink); color: var(--blog-bg); font: 500 14px/20px var(--x-font); text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; }
body.x-site a.action-button:hover, .action-button:hover { opacity: .86; }
.text-link, body.x-site a.text-link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; width: fit-content; color: var(--blog-ink); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blog-ink); padding-bottom: 4px; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 500; }
.text-link:hover { opacity: .68; }
.arrow-link, body.x-site a.arrow-link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; width: fit-content; color: var(--blog-ink); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blog-ink); padding-bottom: 5px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 500; }
.arrow-link:hover { opacity: .67; }

.section { padding-block: 68px 12px; }
.section-head { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 0 22px; margin-bottom: 44px; text-align: center; }
.section-head::before, .section-head::after { content: ''; flex: 1; height: 7px; background: linear-gradient(var(--blog-line), var(--blog-line)) center / 100% 1px no-repeat; }
.section-head h2 { position: relative; margin: 0; padding-inline: 16px; color: var(--blog-ink); font: 400 27px/1.15 var(--x-font-display); }
.section-head h2::before, .section-head h2::after { content: ''; position: absolute; top: 50%; width: 5px; height: 5px; background: var(--blog-accent); transform: translateY(-50%) rotate(45deg); }
.section-head h2::before { inset-inline-start: -6px; }
.section-head h2::after { inset-inline-end: -6px; }
.section-head small { order: 5; flex-basis: 100%; margin-top: 10px; color: var(--blog-muted); font: var(--kicker); font-size: 9.5px; letter-spacing: var(--kicker-track); text-transform: uppercase; }
.meta { display: flex; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; color: var(--blog-muted); font: 400 11.5px/1.5 var(--x-font-mono); }
.meta .kind { font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 10.5px; }
html[dir="rtl"] .meta .kind { letter-spacing: 0; font-size: 12px; }
.meta .kind { color: var(--blog-accent); }
.meta .sep { opacity: .36; }
.meta .language { color: var(--blog-copy); }

.topics { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; gap: 12px 40px; max-width: 900px; margin-inline: auto; }
body.x-site a.topic-chip { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; padding: 2px 0; color: var(--blog-copy); font: 400 20px/1.3 var(--x-font-display); }
body.x-site a.topic-chip:hover { color: var(--blog-accent); }
body.x-site a.topic-chip.active { color: var(--blog-ink); font-style: italic; text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--blog-accent); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 6px; }
.editor-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
body.x-site a.editor-item { min-height: 240px; padding: 4px clamp(20px, 2.6vw, 38px) 0; border-inline-start: 1px solid var(--blog-line); display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
body.x-site a.editor-item:first-child { border-inline-start: 0; padding-inline-start: 0; }
body.x-site a.editor-item:last-child { padding-inline-end: 0; }
body.x-site a.editor-item:hover h3 { color: var(--blog-accent); }
.editor-item h3 { margin: 16px 0 12px; color: var(--blog-ink); font: 400 25px/1.2 var(--x-font-display); text-wrap: balance; }
.editor-item p { margin: 0 0 20px; color: var(--blog-copy); font: 400 16.5px/1.55 var(--x-font-display); }
.editor-item > .eyebrow { margin-top: auto; color: var(--blog-muted); }
.latest-wrap { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 265px; gap: clamp(35px, 5vw, 76px); }
.latest-toolbar { display: flex; }
.latest-toolbar + #article-results .article-row:first-child { border-top: 0; }
.search-field { flex: 1; min-width: 235px; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; padding: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blog-ink); color: var(--blog-muted); }
.search-field:focus-within { border-bottom-color: var(--blog-accent); box-shadow: 0 1px 0 var(--blog-accent); }
.search-field input { width: 100%; min-width: 0; background: transparent; color: var(--blog-ink); border: 0; outline: 0; font: italic 400 18px/1.3 var(--x-font-display); }
.search-field input::placeholder { color: var(--blog-muted); }
.article-row, body.x-site a.article-row { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 55px minmax(0, 1fr) 26px; gap: 15px; align-items: start; padding: 27px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blog-line); }
.article-row:first-child { border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-line); }
.row-index { color: var(--blog-accent); font: italic 400 17px/1.5 var(--x-font-display); }
.article-row h3 { margin: 6px 0 8px; color: var(--blog-ink); font: 400 25px/1.2 var(--x-font-display); }
.article-row p { margin: 0 0 12px; color: var(--blog-copy); font: 400 17px/1.55 var(--x-font-display); }
.row-arrow { align-self: center; color: var(--blog-muted); }
.article-row:hover .row-arrow, .article-row:hover h3 { color: var(--blog-accent); }
.aside-block { border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-ink); padding: 16px 0 36px; }
.aside-block h3 { margin: 0 0 14px; color: var(--blog-ink); font: var(--kicker); letter-spacing: var(--kicker-track); text-transform: uppercase; }
html[dir="rtl"] .aside-block h3 { font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0; }
.aside-list li a { font: 400 17px/1.3 var(--x-font-display); }
.aside-block p { margin: 0 0 15px; color: var(--blog-copy); font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6; }
.aside-list { padding: 0; margin: 0; list-style: none; }
.aside-list li { padding: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blog-line); font-size: 13px; }
.aside-list a:hover { color: var(--blog-accent); }
.empty-state { color: var(--blog-muted); padding: 30px 0; }
.outline-button { padding: 9px 13px; color: var(--blog-ink); background: transparent; border: 1px solid var(--blog-line); font-size: 13px; }

.fellow-strip { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 300px; gap: 55px; align-items: center; }
.fellow-strip { padding-top: 34px; border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-line); }
.fellow-strip h2 { margin: 16px 0; color: var(--blog-ink); font: 400 32px/1.15 var(--x-font-display); }
.fellow-strip p { max-width: 650px; color: var(--blog-copy); font: 400 18px/1.6 var(--x-font-display); }
.fellow-identity { border-inline-start: 1px solid var(--blog-line); padding-inline-start: 28px; }
.avatar, .byline-avatar, .profile-avatar { display: grid; place-items: center; border: 1px solid var(--blog-ink); border-radius: 50%; background: transparent; color: var(--blog-ink); font: italic 400 22px/1 var(--x-font-display); }
.avatar { width: 54px; height: 54px; margin-bottom: 14px; }
.fellow-identity strong { display: block; color: var(--blog-ink); }
.fellow-identity small { display: block; margin: 5px 0 12px; color: var(--blog-muted); }
.submit-band { display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; gap: 26px; margin-top: 60px; padding: 60px 24px 88px; border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-ink); text-align: center; }
.submit-band h2 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: var(--blog-ink); font: italic 400 32px/1.2 var(--x-font-display); }
.submit-band p { margin: 0; color: var(--blog-copy); font: 400 18px/1.5 var(--x-font-display); }

.blog-footer { border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-line); padding: 50px 0 22px; }
.blog-footer-inner { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 30px; padding-bottom: 65px; }
.blog-footer-name { color: var(--blog-ink); font: 400 21px/1.3 var(--x-font-display); }
.blog-footer-brand p { max-width: 420px; margin: 8px 0 0; color: var(--blog-muted); font: italic 400 15px/1.5 var(--x-font-display); }
.footer-links { display: flex; align-items: start; gap: 26px; color: var(--blog-copy); font-size: 13px; }
.footer-links a:hover { color: var(--blog-ink); }
.blog-footer-bottom { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px; padding-top: 20px; border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-line); color: var(--blog-muted); font: 400 11px/1.5 var(--x-font-mono); }

/* Interior pages use the reading proportions already used by site FAQ. */
.page-heading { padding: 72px 0 55px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blog-line); }
.page-heading .eyebrow, .article-header .eyebrow { display: flex; width: fit-content; margin-bottom: 13px; }
.page-heading h1 { max-width: 850px; margin: 14px 0; color: var(--blog-ink); font: 400 clamp(38px, 4vw, 58px)/1.08 var(--x-font-display); letter-spacing: -.012em; }
.page-heading p { max-width: 750px; margin: 0; color: var(--blog-copy); font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.6; }
.back-link, body.x-site a.back-link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 9px; margin-bottom: 27px; color: var(--blog-muted); font-size: 13px; }
.back-link:hover { color: var(--blog-ink); }
.article-header { padding: 56px 0 0; }
.article-header-inner { max-width: 880px; text-align: center; }
.article-header .back-link { margin-bottom: 44px; }
.article-kicker { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 18px; max-width: 420px; margin: 0 auto 26px; color: var(--blog-muted); font: var(--kicker); letter-spacing: var(--kicker-track); text-transform: uppercase; }
.article-kicker::before, .article-kicker::after { content: ''; flex: 1; border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-line); }
html[dir="rtl"] .article-kicker { font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0; }
.article-header h1 { margin: 0 auto 22px; max-width: 860px; color: var(--blog-ink); font: 400 clamp(38px, 4.3vw, 58px)/1.08 var(--x-font-display); letter-spacing: -.015em; text-wrap: balance; }
.article-header .dek { max-width: 640px; margin: 0 auto 28px; color: var(--blog-copy); font: italic 400 21px/1.5 var(--x-font-display); text-wrap: pretty; }
.byline { margin: 0 0 8px; color: var(--blog-copy); font: italic 400 17px/1.4 var(--x-font-display); }
.byline-name { color: var(--blog-accent); font-style: italic; }
.byline-name a { border-bottom: 1px solid currentColor; }
.byline-name a:hover { color: var(--blog-ink); }
.byline-detail { margin: 0; color: var(--blog-muted); font: 500 11px/1.6 var(--x-font); letter-spacing: .1em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.sample-flag { color: var(--blog-accent); }
html[dir="rtl"] .byline-detail { letter-spacing: 0; font-size: 13px; }
.article-layout { max-width: 880px; padding: 0 0 110px; }
.article-layout::before { content: ''; display: block; width: 56px; margin: 48px auto 52px; border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-ink); }
.article-body { max-width: 660px; margin-inline: auto; color: var(--blog-read); font: 400 17px/1.9 var(--font-read); hanging-punctuation: first; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; }
.article-body p { margin: 0 0 1.05em; }
.article-body:not([dir="rtl"]) > p:first-child::first-letter { float: left; margin: .06em .1em 0 0; color: var(--blog-ink); font: 400 3.7em/.8 var(--x-font-display); }
@supports (initial-letter: 2) or (-webkit-initial-letter: 2) {
  .article-body:not([dir="rtl"]) > p:first-child::first-letter { float: none; margin: 0 .5em 0 0; font-size: 1em; line-height: inherit; -webkit-initial-letter: 2; initial-letter: 2; }
}
.article-body h2 { margin: 2.1em 0 .6em; color: var(--blog-ink); font: 400 27px/1.2 var(--x-font-display); }
.article-body blockquote { max-width: 560px; margin: 2.2em auto; padding: 1.1em 0; border-block: 1px solid var(--blog-line); color: var(--blog-ink); font: italic 400 24px/1.45 var(--x-font-display); text-align: center; text-wrap: balance; }
.article-body .arabic-quote { font-family: var(--x-font-ar-read); font-size: 26px; line-height: 2.1; direction: rtl; text-align: center; font-style: normal; }
.article-rail { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 32px; margin-top: 72px; color: var(--blog-copy); font-size: 13px; }
.rail-block { border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-ink); padding: 16px 0 8px; }
.rail-block strong { display: block; margin-bottom: 12px; color: var(--blog-ink); font: var(--kicker); letter-spacing: var(--kicker-track); text-transform: uppercase; }
html[dir="rtl"] .rail-block strong { font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0; }
.rail-block p { margin: 0 0 13px; line-height: 1.6; }
.rail-block button { border: 0; padding: 0; background: none; color: var(--blog-accent); font-size: 12px; text-align: start; }
.references { border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-line); margin-top: 56px; padding-top: 22px; color: var(--blog-copy); font: 400 15px/1.7 var(--font-read); }
.references h2 { margin: 0 0 10px; font: var(--kicker); letter-spacing: var(--kicker-track); text-transform: uppercase; }

.profile-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 220px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 65px; padding: 72px 0 105px; }
.profile-avatar { width: 160px; height: 160px; font-size: 64px; }
.profile-main h1 { margin: 15px 0; color: var(--blog-ink); font: 400 52px/1.08 var(--x-font-display); }
.profile-main p { max-width: 700px; color: var(--blog-copy); line-height: 1.7; }
.profile-list { border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-line); margin-top: 45px; }
.profile-list h2 { margin: 28px 0 10px; font: 400 26px/1.2 var(--x-font-display); }
.profile-list .article-row { grid-template-columns: 50px minmax(0, 1fr) 26px; }
.form-layout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 720px) 270px; gap: clamp(50px, 6vw, 90px); padding: 55px 0 110px; }
.form-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 21px; }
.field { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; }
.field.full { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
.field label { color: var(--blog-ink); font-size: 13px; font-weight: 500; }
.field input, .field select, .field textarea { width: 100%; padding: 12px 13px; border: 1px solid var(--blog-line); border-radius: 0; background: var(--x-bg-elevated); color: var(--blog-ink); font-size: 14px; }
.field input:focus, .field select:focus, .field textarea:focus { outline: none; border-color: var(--blog-accent); }
.field textarea { min-height: 150px; resize: vertical; }
.checkbox-line { display: flex; align-items: start; gap: 11px; margin-top: 25px; color: var(--blog-copy); font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.55; }
.checkbox-line input { margin-top: 3px; accent-color: var(--blog-accent); }
.form-note { color: var(--blog-muted); margin: 22px 0; font-size: 13px; }
.form-status { min-height: 25px; margin-top: 17px; color: var(--blog-accent); font-size: 13px; }
.guideline-list { max-width: 780px; padding: 35px 0 100px; }
.guideline-list section { padding: 25px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blog-line); }
.guideline-list h2 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: var(--blog-ink); font: 400 25px/1.25 var(--x-font-display); }
.guideline-list p { margin: 0; color: var(--blog-copy); font: 400 17px/1.75 var(--font-read); }

html[dir="rtl"] body.x-site { font-family: var(--x-font-ar); }
html[dir="rtl"] .eyebrow, html[dir="rtl"] .meta { direction: rtl; }
html[dir="rtl"] .article-body, .article-body[dir="rtl"] { font-family: var(--x-font-ar-read); font-size: 21px; line-height: 2.05; }
html[dir="rtl"] .article-header .dek, html[dir="rtl"] .byline, .article-header .dek[dir="rtl"] { font-family: var(--x-font-ar); font-style: normal; }
html[dir="rtl"] .article-body h2, html[dir="rtl"] .page-heading h1, html[dir="rtl"] .article-header h1, html[dir="rtl"] .editor-item h3, html[dir="rtl"] .article-row h3 { font-family: var(--x-font-ar); }
html[dir="rtl"] .article-header-inner { text-align: center; }
/* Mixed-script listings: keep each title's own bidi, but align it with the column it sits in. */
html[dir="ltr"] :is(.lead-title h1, .lead-dek, .recent-title h3, .article-row h3, .article-row p, .editor-item h3, .editor-item p)[dir] { text-align: left; }
html[dir="rtl"] :is(.lead-title h1, .lead-dek, .recent-title h3, .article-row h3, .article-row p, .editor-item h3, .editor-item p)[dir] { text-align: right; }
/* Arabic has no true italic here (Amiri is loaded upright); never slant it. */
html[dir="rtl"] :is(.lead-art figcaption, .blog-footer-brand p, .submit-band h2, .search-field input, a.topic-chip.active, .avatar, .row-index, .article-body blockquote) { font-style: normal; }
:is(.article-body blockquote.arabic-quote, [lang="ar"]) { font-style: normal; }
html[dir="rtl"] :is(.row-arrow, .back-link i, .action-button i, .text-link i) { transform: scaleX(-1); }

@media (max-width: 960px) {
  .masthead-note { display: none; }
  .lead-layout { gap: 26px; }
  .lead-title h1 { font-size: 30px; }
  .recent-title h3 { font-size: 20px; }
  .lead-story-text > p.lead-dek { font-size: 17px; }
  .blog-nav-links { gap: 20px; }
  .latest-wrap { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 210px; gap: 30px; }
  .form-layout { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 38px; }
  .article-rail { gap: 20px; }
}

@media (min-width: 721px) and (max-width: 900px) {
  .masthead-status { display: none; }
  .lead-layout { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr); grid-template-areas: "story art" "recent recent"; row-gap: 56px; }
  .lead-story { grid-area: story; }
  .lead-art { grid-area: art; }
  .most-recent { grid-area: recent; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); column-gap: 26px; }
  .most-recent > .lead-label, body.x-site .most-recent > a.recent-more { grid-column: 1 / -1; justify-self: start; }
  .recent-story { border-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 8px; }
  .recent-story + .recent-story { border-inline-start: 1px solid var(--blog-line); padding-inline-start: 26px; margin-inline-start: -13px; }
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .shell { width: min(100% - 36px, 1260px); }
  .blog-masthead { grid-template-columns: 1fr; min-height: 80px; }
  .blog-wordmark { grid-column: 1; justify-self: center; }
  .masthead-status { display: none; }
  .blog-wordmark { width: 270px; max-width: calc(100vw - 36px); height: 44px; }
  .return-product { display: none; }
  .blog-nav-links, .blog-lang { display: none; }
  .blog-nav-inner { grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; min-height: 52px; }
  .mobile-menu-button { display: inline-grid; }
  .blog-mobile-nav { display: flex; flex-direction: column; padding: 10px 18px 20px; border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-line); background: var(--blog-header-bg); }
  .blog-mobile-nav a { padding: 10px 0; color: var(--blog-copy); font-size: 14px; }
  .blog-mobile-nav a[aria-current] { color: var(--blog-ink); }
  .blog-mobile-lang { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 12px; border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-line); margin-top: 9px; padding-top: 16px; color: var(--blog-copy); font-size: 13px; }
  .blog-mobile-lang select { min-width: 64px; padding: 6px; border: 1px solid var(--blog-line); background: var(--blog-bg); color: var(--blog-ink); }
  .blog-content { padding-top: 28px; }
  .lead-layout { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 40px; padding-bottom: 56px; }
  .lead-art { grid-row: 1; width: min(100%, 450px); margin-inline: auto; }
  .lead-story-text { padding-top: 20px; }
  .lead-title h1 { font-size: clamp(32px, 8.4vw, 42px); }
  .lead-story-text > p.lead-dek { font-size: 18px; }
  .section { padding-block: 52px; }
  .section-head { gap: 14px; margin-bottom: 30px; }
  .section-head h2 { font-size: 23px; }
  .topics { gap: 10px 26px; }
  body.x-site a.topic-chip { font-size: 18px; }
  .submit-band { margin-top: 44px; padding: 44px 8px 64px; }
  .submit-band h2 { font-size: 27px; }
  .latest-wrap, .fellow-strip, .profile-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .editor-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0; }
  body.x-site a.editor-item, body.x-site a.editor-item:first-child { min-height: 0; padding: 22px 0 26px; border-inline-start: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-line); }
  body.x-site a.editor-item:first-child { border-top: 0; padding-top: 0; }
  .editor-item h3 { margin-top: 12px; font-size: 23px; }
  .latest-toolbar { flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; }
  .search-field { width: 100%; }
  .article-row, body.x-site a.article-row { grid-template-columns: 28px minmax(0, 1fr) 16px; gap: 10px; }
  .article-row h3 { font-size: 21px; }
  .article-row p { font-size: 16px; }
  .fellow-identity { border-inline-start: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--blog-line); padding: 23px 0 0; }
  .blog-footer-inner { flex-direction: column; align-items: start; }
  .blog-footer-inner { padding-bottom: 45px; }
  .blog-footer-bottom { flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; }
  .article-header { padding: 32px 0 0; }
  .article-header .back-link { margin-bottom: 30px; }
  .article-header h1 { font-size: clamp(32px, 8.6vw, 46px); }
  .article-layout { padding: 0 0 72px; }
  .article-layout::before { margin: 36px auto 38px; }
  .article-body { font-size: 16.5px; line-height: 1.85; }
  .article-body blockquote { font-size: 21px; }
  .article-header .dek { font-size: 19px; }
  .article-rail { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0; margin-top: 56px; }
  .page-heading { padding: 50px 0 37px; }
  .profile-grid { gap: 28px; padding: 50px 0 75px; }
  .profile-avatar { width: 115px; height: 115px; font-size: 32px; }
  .profile-main h1 { font-size: 40px; }
  .form-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .form-layout { padding: 42px 0 75px; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
}